Organic Chemistry
Essential Ideas
Objectives:
Essential Ideas
- Organic chemistry focuses on the chemistry of compounds containing carbon
- Structure, bonding, and chemical reactions involving functional group interconversions are key strands in organic chemistry
- Analytical techniques can be used to determine the structure of a compound, analyze the composition of a substance or determine the purity of a compound. Spectroscopic techniques are used in the structural identification of organic and inorganic compounds.
Objectives:
- Understand that the alkanes are a family of hydrocarbons
- Distinguish between the different types of formulas (empirical, molecular, structural)
- Understand the difference between a full and a condensed structural formula
- Understand what is meant by a homologous series
- Understand what is meant by a functional group
- Identify functional groups in molecules
- Understand that compounds containing a benzene ring are described as aromatic
- Explain trends in boiling points within homologous series
- Use IUPAC rules to name alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
- Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds
- Use IUPAC rules to name halogenoalkanes
- Use IUPAC rules to name alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters
- Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
- Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary halogenoalkanes
- Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
- Understand what is meant by structural isomerism
- Draw structural isomers for molecules with up to six carbon atoms
- Explain the evidence for a delocalized structure for benzene
- Write equations for the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes
- Explain why alkanes are not very reactive
- Write equations for the reactions of alkanes with halogens
- Explain the free radical substitution mechanism
- Understand why alkenes are more reactive than alkanes
- Describe the addition reactions of alkenes
- Explain how to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes using bromine water
- Understand that benzene reacts differently to alkenes
- Understand the polymerization reactions of alkenes
- Write equations for the complete combustion of alcohols
- Describe the oxidation reactions of alcohols
- Understand that carboxylic acids can react with alcohols to form esters
- Describe the reactions of halogenoalkanes with aqueous sodium hydroxide
- Understand that halogenoalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions
- Understand how the number of double bonds/ rings in a compound can be worked out from a molecular formula
- Understand how to use mass spectrometry to gain information about the structure of an organic molecule
- Understand how to use infrared spectroscopy to gain information about the structure of an organic molecule
- Understand how to use proton NMR spectroscopy to gain information about the structure of an organic molecule
|
|
Handouts/ WS |
